Nā hana i ka moʻolelo o ka male a me ke kuleana o ke aloha

Mea Kākau: Louise Ward
Lā O Ka Hana: 3 Pepeluali 2021
HōʻAno Hou I Ka Lā: 28 Iune 2024
Anonim
Kuana Torres Kahele | Nā Mele (full episode) | PBS HAWAIʻI
Wikiō: Kuana Torres Kahele | Nā Mele (full episode) | PBS HAWAIʻI

Anter

ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka male ma Kristiano, e like me ka mea i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia, mai loko mai o Adamu lāua ʻo ʻEva. Mai ka male mua loa o nā mea ʻelua ma ka Māla o ʻEdena, he mea ʻokoʻa ka male ʻana i nā mea like ʻole i nā makahiki āpau. ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka male a pehea e ʻike ʻia ai i kēia lā ua loli nui hoʻi.

Loaʻa nā male ma kahi o nā kaiāulu āpau o ka honua. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua nui nā ʻano o ka male ʻana, a ua ulu ka moʻolelo o ka male. ʻO ka holoi ʻana a me nā loli i ka ʻike a me ka hoʻomaopopo o ka male ma mua o nā makahiki, e like me polygamy i ka monogamy a me ka wahine like i ka male interracial, ua hala i hala ka manawa.

He aha ka male?


ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka male e wehewehe i ka manaʻo ma ke ʻano he hui moʻomeheu i ʻike ʻia ma waena o ʻelua mau kānaka. ʻO kēia mau kānaka ʻelua, me ka male, lilo i mau hiʻohiʻona i ko lākou ola pilikino. Kāhea ʻia ka male male a male ʻole. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pēlā ke ʻano o ka male ʻana ma nā moʻomeheu a me nā hoʻomana like ʻole, ʻoiai mau.

Matrimony etymology hele mai ma Old French matrimoine, "matrimony Marriage" a pololei mai ka huaʻōlelo Latina ʻo mātrimōnium "wedlock, male" (in plural "wahine"), and mātrem (nominative māter) "makuahine". ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka male e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna aʻe, ʻoi aku ka manawa hou, ka wehewehe o kēia manawa o ka male, ʻokoʻa loa mai ka moʻolelo o ka male.

ʻO ka male, no ka manawa lōʻihi loa, ʻaʻole pili i ka launa pū. I ka hapanui o nā mōʻaukala o ka noho male ʻana, ʻo ke kumu nui o ka male ʻana e hoʻopaʻa i nā wahine i nā kāne, a laila hānau nā kāne kūpono.


I loko o kēlā mau kaiāulu, he mea maʻamau nā kāne e hōʻoluʻolu i kā lākou mau koi moekolohe mai kekahi ma waho o ka male, male i nā wahine he nui, a haʻalele pū i kā lākou wahine inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hānau keiki.

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana o ka male?

Mahalo ka poʻe he nui i ka manawa a pehea i hoʻokumu ai ka male a na wai i hoʻokumu i ka male. I ka manawa hea ka manawa mua i manaʻo ai kekahi e male ana i kahi kanaka, loaʻa nā keiki me lākou, a i ʻole ke noho pū ʻana i ko lākou ola he manaʻo paha?

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe o ka lā paʻa ke kumu o ka male, e like me ka ʻikepili, ʻo nā moʻolelo mua o ka male ʻana mai 1250-1300 CE. Hōʻike nā ʻikepili hou aʻe hiki i ka mōʻaukala o ka male ma mua o 4300 mau makahiki. Manaʻo ʻia aia ka male ma mua o kēia manawa.

Ua mālama ʻia nā male ma ke ʻano he kuʻikahi ma waena o nā ʻohana, no ka loaʻa kālā, loaʻa hou, a me nā hana politika. Eia naʻe, me ka manawa, ua loli ke kumumanaʻo o ka male, akā ua hoʻololi ʻia nā kumu o ia mea. Eia kahi nānā i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka male a pehea i ulu ai.


Nā ʻano o ka male male - mai ia manawa a hiki i kēia manawa

Ua loli ka male ʻana ma ke ʻano he manaʻo. Ua ola nā ʻano ʻano male, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka manawa a me ke kaiāulu. E heluhelu hou aʻe e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka male i ʻike ai pehea i loli ai ka male i nā kenekulia.

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano o ka male ʻana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka male e kōkua iā mākou e ʻike i nā kuʻuna o ka male male ʻana 'e like me kā mākou e ʻike nei.

  • Monogamy - hoʻokahi kāne, hoʻokahi wahine

Hoʻokahi kāne i male i hoʻokahi wahine pehea ia i hoʻomaka ai i ka māla, akā wikiwiki koke, ua ulu ka manaʻo o ke kāne hoʻokahi a me kekahi mau wahine. Wahi a ka loea o ka male ʻana ʻo Stephanie Coontz, ua lilo ka monogamy i kumu alakaʻi no ka male ʻana o ke Komohana i ʻeono a ʻeiwa haneli mau makahiki paha.

ʻOiai ua ʻike ʻia nā male ma ke ʻano he monogamous kū kānāwai, ʻaʻole ia ka manaʻo o ke kūlike ʻole a hiki i ka wā o nā kāne o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa (akā ʻaʻole nā ​​wahine) hāʻawi ʻia ka nui o ka ʻoluʻolu e pili ana i nā hana male hou. Eia naʻe, ʻo nā keiki i hāpai ʻia ma waho o ka male, ua manaʻo ʻia he kūpono ʻole.

  • ʻO Polygamy, Polyandry, a me Polyamory

E pili ana i ka moʻaukala o ka male, ʻo ka hapanui o nā ʻano ʻekolu. Ma loko o ka mōʻaukala, he hanana maʻamau ka wahine nui, me nā kāne kāne kaulana e like me ka Mōʻī David a me ka Mōʻī Solomon he mau haneli a he mau kaukani mau wahine.

Ua ʻike pū kekahi ʻo nā Anthropologists i kekahi mau moʻomeheu, aia ia ma kahi ala ʻē aʻe, me hoʻokahi wahine he ʻelua kāne kāne. Kapa ʻia kēia mea ʻo polyandry. Aia kekahi mau hanana kahi e pili ai nā male pūʻulu i kekahi mau kāne a me kekahi mau wahine, i kapa ʻia ʻo polyamory.

  • Hoʻonohonoho male

Aia nō nā male male hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kekahi mau moʻomeheu a me nā hoʻomana, a ʻo ka moʻaukala o ka male male ʻana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā lā mua i ka wā i ʻae ʻia ai ka male ma ke ʻano he manaʻo āpau. Mai ka wā prehistoric, ua hoʻonohonoho nā ʻohana i ka male o kā lākou keiki no nā kumu hoʻolālā e hoʻoikaika ai i nā kuʻikahi a hana i kahi kuikahi kuikahi.

ʻAʻohe o lākou manaʻo i loko o ka hihia a, i kekahi mau hihia, ʻaʻole i hui pū kekahi me kekahi ma mua o ka male ʻana. He mea maʻa mau ka male ʻana o nā hoahānau mua a ʻelua paha. I kēia ala, e noho paʻa ka waiwai o ka ʻohana.

  • Male male kānāwai-maʻamau

ʻO ka male male kānāwai maʻamau ka wā e male ai ka male me ka ʻole o ka hana kīwila a hoʻomana paha. Ua maʻa mau ka male male ma ʻEnelani a hiki i ka hana a Lord Hardwicke o 1753. Ma lalo o kēia ʻano male, ua ʻae ka poʻe e manaʻo ʻia he kāne male, ma muli o ka pilikia o ka waiwai a me ka hoʻoilina.

  • Kuapo mare

I ka moʻolelo kahiko o ka male, ua mālama ʻia nā male hoʻololi i kekahi mau moʻomeheu a me nā wahi. E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, pili ia i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā wahine a i ʻole nā ​​wahine ma waena o nā hui ʻelua o ka poʻe.

ʻO kahi laʻana, inā male ka wahine mai ka hui A i kahi kāne mai ka hui B, e mare ka wahine mai ka hui B i kahi ʻohana mai ka hui A.

  • Ke male nei no ke aloha

I nā manawa hou aku nei, eia nō naʻe (mai kahi o ʻelua haneli a me kanalima mau makahiki i hala aku nei), ke koho nei ka poʻe ʻōpio e ʻike i kā lākou mau hoa male ma muli o ke aloha a me ka ʻumeʻume. Ua lilo kēia ʻano hoihoi i mea nui i ke kenekulia i hala.

Ua lilo paha i mea noʻonoʻo ʻole e male i kekahi āu i manaʻo ʻole ai a ʻike ʻole no kekahi manawa liʻiliʻi, ma ka liʻiliʻi.

  • Nā male male waena

ʻO ka male ma waena o nā kānaka ʻelua i hele mai nā moʻomeheu like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​hui lāhui ua lilo i hihia nui loa.

Inā mākou e nānā i ka moʻaukala o ka male ma ka US, aia wale nō i ka 1967 ka wā i hoʻokahuli ai ka ʻAha Hoʻokolokolo Kiʻekiʻena o US i nā kānāwai male waena ma hope o ka paio lōʻihi ʻana, e ʻōlelo ana hoʻi 'ʻo ke kūʻokoʻa e male ai na ʻAmelika āpau.'

  • ʻO ka male male kāne like

ʻO ka hakakā no ka ʻae ʻia o ka male male a like ʻole, ʻoiai ʻokoʻa i kekahi mau ʻano, i ka hakakā i ʻōlelo ʻia i luna e ʻae ai i ka male male. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, me nā loli i ka hapai ʻana o ka male ʻana, me he mea lā he ʻanuʻu kūpono aʻe ia e ʻae i ka male male, e like me kā Stephanie Coontz.

I kēia manawa ka ʻike ākea ka pili ʻana o ka male i ke aloha, ka moekolohe a me ka like.

I ka manawa hea i hoʻomaka ai ka male ʻana o ka poʻe?

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, ʻo ka moʻolelo mua o ka male ʻana ma kahi o 4300 mau makahiki i hala. Manaʻo ka poʻe loea ua male paha ka poʻe ma mua o kēlā.

Wahi a Coontz, ka mea kākau o Marriage, A History: How Love Conquered Marriage, ka hoʻomaka o ka male e pili ana i nā kuʻikahi kuikahi. "Ua hoʻokumu ʻoe i nā pilina maluhia a me ka laulima, nā pilina kālepa, nā kuleana ʻelua me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma ka male ʻana iā lākou."

Ua male ka manaʻo o ka ʻae i ka manaʻo o ka male, a ma kekahi o nā moʻomeheu, ua lilo ka ʻae a ka wahine i mea nui i ka male. Ma mua o ka ʻohana, ua ʻae nā kānaka ʻelua. ʻO ke 'kahua o ka male' e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai i kēia lā i hoʻomaka e noho ma hope.

ʻO ia ka manawa i lilo ai ka haipule, ka mokuʻāina, nā hoʻohiki male, ka hemo a me nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe i mau ʻāpana o ka male. Wahi a ka manaʻo catholic i ka male, ua manaʻo ʻia ka male ʻana he kapu. Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomana a me ka hale pule i ke kuleana nui i ka male ʻana i ka poʻe a wehewehe ʻana i nā lula o ka manaʻo.

I ka manawa hea i komo ai ka hoʻomana a me ka hale pule i ka male?

Ua lilo ka male i ʻano kūloko a i ʻole haipule paha ke ʻano he 'maʻamau' e hana ai a me ke ʻano o ka wehewehe ʻana o ka ʻohana maʻamau. Ua hōʻike hou ʻia kēia 'maʻamau' me ke komo pū ʻana o ka hale pule a me ke kānāwai. ʻAʻole i alakaʻi mau ʻia nā male ma ke ākea, e kahi kahuna, i mua o nā mea hōʻike.

No laila ke ala mai nei ka nīnau, i ka manawa hea i hoʻomaka ai ka hale pule e lilo i mea komo i ka male? I ka manawa hea i hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻomana i mea nui i ka koho ʻana i ka mea a mākou e male ai a me nā hana i pili i ka male? ʻAʻole ma hope koke o ka ettyology o ka hale pule ua lilo ka male i ʻāpana o ka hale pule.

I ke kenekulia ʻelima i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ai ka hale pule i ka male i kahi hui hemolele. Wahi a nā lula o ka male ma ka baibala, manaʻo ʻia ka male ʻana he kapu a manaʻo ʻia he male hemolele. ʻO ka male ma mua o ka hoʻomana Kalikiano a ma mua paha o ka pili ʻana o ka hale pule he ʻokoʻa i nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua.

ʻO kahi laʻana, ma Roma, ʻo ka male ka hana kīwila i hoʻomalu ʻia e ke kānāwai emepera. Ke ala mai nei ka nīnau ʻoiai i hoʻomalu ʻia e ke kānāwai i kēia manawa, i ka manawa hea i lilo ai ka male i mea pale e like me ka bapetizo a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe? I nā makahiki waena, ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā male ʻo kekahi o nā ʻekeʻehiku.

I ke kenekulia 16, ua kū mai ke kaila o kēia wā o ka male. ʻO ka pane i ka "ʻO wai e hiki ke male i ka poʻe?" ua loli a loli hoʻi i loko o kēia mau makahiki āpau, a ua hoʻoili ʻia ka mana e haʻi i kekahi mea i ka male ʻia i nā poʻe like ʻole.

He aha ke kuleana o ke aloha i loko o ka male?

I ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka male ʻana e lilo i manaʻo, ʻaʻole pili iki ke aloha me lākou. ʻO ka male male, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, he mau kuʻikahi kuʻikahi a i ʻole nā ​​ala e hoʻomau ai i ke koko. Eia nō naʻe, me ka manawa, ua hoʻomaka ke aloha e lilo i hoʻokahi o nā kumu kumu no ka male e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai i nā kenekulia i hala.

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i loko o kekahi mau kaiāulu, nānā ʻia nā mea pili i ka wahine ma ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe loa o ke aloha, ʻoiai e hoʻokumu ana i kekahi mea koʻikoʻi e like me ka male ʻana o ka naʻau i manaʻo ʻia nāwaliwali i manaʻo ʻia he noʻonoʻo ʻole a he hūpō paha.

I ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mōʻaukala o ka male ma o ka manawa, ʻo nā keiki a i ʻole ka hana ʻana ua oki ke kumu mua o ka male ʻana o ka poʻe. I ka nui ʻana o nā keiki a ka poʻe, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohana i nā hana kaohi hānau rudimentary. Ma mua, ua male ʻia no ka male ʻana e pili i ka moekolohe, a no laila, he keiki kāu.

Eia nō naʻe, i nā kenekulia i hala iho nei, ua loli kēia ʻano noʻonoʻo. I ka hapanui o nā moʻomeheu i kēia manawa, ʻo ka male e pili ana i ke aloha - a ʻo ke koho inā he keiki a mau paha ka noho ʻana me ka wahine.

I ka manawa hea i lilo ai ke aloha i mea nui no ka male?

Ma hope loa ia, i nā kenekulia 17 a me 18, i ka wā i lilo ai ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo i mea maʻamau, hoʻomaka ka poʻe e noʻonoʻo i ke aloha i mea nui no ka male. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka poʻe e haʻalele i nā ʻuniona hauʻoli a i ʻole ka male ʻana a ʻohi ʻana i ka poʻe a lākou i aloha ai e male.

ʻO kēia ka manawa i lilo ai ke kumumanaʻo o ka hemo i mea i ke kaiāulu. Ua ukali ka Industrial Revolution i kēia, a ua kākoʻo ʻia ka manaʻo e ke kūʻokoʻa kālā no nā kāne ʻōpio he nui, i hiki ke loaʻa i kēia manawa ka male ʻana, a me kahi ʻohana ponoʻī, me ka ʻole o ka ʻae o ko lākou mau mākua.

I ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ka wā i lilo ai ke aloha i mea nui no ka male, e nānā i kēia wikiō.

Nā ʻike i ka hemo a me ka noho hou ʻana

ʻO ka male hoʻokaʻawale i kumu nui loa ia. I nā kenekulia a me nā makahiki i hala aku nei, hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hemo he paʻakikī a hopena ʻia i kahi stigma pili kaiaulu pili i ka wahine hemo. Ua ʻae ʻia ka male hoʻokaʻawale. Hōʻike nā helu helu me ka piʻi ʻana o nā helu male male, aia kekahi piʻi like o ka noho pū ʻana.

Koho nā kāne he nui e noho pū me ka male ʻole a ma mua o ka male ʻana ma kekahi pae hope. ʻO ka noho pū ʻana me ka male ʻole ʻana i ke kānāwai me ka maikaʻi e pale i ka makaʻu o ka hemo male hiki ʻole.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi e pili ana ka helu o nā kāne cohabiting i kēia lā ma kahi o ʻumikūmālima mau manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1960, a aneane hapalua o kēlā mau kāne me kā lākou keiki.

Nā manawa nui a me nā haʻawina mai ka moʻolelo o ka male

ʻO ka papa inoa a me ka nānā ʻana i kēia mau loli a me nā hoʻololi e pili ana i nā ʻike a me nā hana o ka male ʻana he maikaʻi loa ia. Aia kekahi mau mea hiki iā mākou ke aʻo mai nā manawa nui i ka moʻolelo o ka male.

  • He mea nui ke kūʻokoʻa

I kēia mau lā, ʻoi aku ke kūʻokoʻa o ke koho ʻana ma mua o nā kāne a me nā wahine ma mua o kā 50 mau makahiki i hala. Hoʻopili kēia mau koho i ka mea a lākou e male ai a me ke ʻano ʻohana a lākou e makemake ai e loaʻa a hoʻokumu mau ʻia i ka ʻumeʻa a me ka pilina ma mua o ka hana ma luna o ke kāne a me nā stereotypes.

  • He palupalu ka wehewehe ʻana o ka ʻohana

Ua loli ka wehewehe ʻana o ka ʻohana i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe he nui i ka nui o ka male ʻana ma kahi o ka ʻohana wale nō. ʻO nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole ke nānā ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻohana, mai nā mākua hoʻokahi a i nā kāne i male ʻole ʻia me nā keiki, a i ʻole nā ​​kāne male a male wahine paha e hānai keiki ana.

  • Nā kāne a me nā kūlana wahine vs. ka pilikino a me nā hiki

ʻOiai i ka wā ma mua, ua ʻike maopopo ʻia nā kuleana no nā kāne a me nā wahine ma ke ʻano he kāne a wahine, i kēia manawa ke hele a blur kēia mau ʻano kāne i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa ma ka hapanui o nā moʻomeheu a me nā kaiāulu.

ʻO ke kaulike kaulike ma nā wahi hana a me ke aʻo ʻana he kaua ia e hoʻoili nei i nā makahiki he hala i hala aku nei a hiki i kahi i loaʻa ai ka pili like. I kēia mau lā, hoʻokumu ʻia nā kūlana pākahi i ka pilikino a me nā hiki o kēlā me kēia hoa, ke ʻimi pū nei lākou e uhi i nā kumu āpau.

  • ʻO nā kumu no ka male ʻana he pilikino

Hiki iā mākou ke aʻo mai ka moʻolelo o ka male ʻana he mea nui e akāka i kāu mau kumu no ka male ʻana. I ka wā ma mua, ʻo nā kumu o ka male ʻana mai ka hana ʻana i nā ʻohana a hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana hana ʻohana, ka pale ʻana i nā laina koko, a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i kēia ʻano.

ʻImi nā hoa ʻelua i nā pahuhopu a me nā mea i manaʻo ʻia e pili ana i ke aloha, ka ʻumeʻume ʻana, a me ka launa ʻana ma waena o nā mea like.

Laina lalo

E like me ka pane maʻamau i ka nīnau "He aha ka male?" ua loli, pēlā nō ka lāhui kanaka, ka poʻe, a me ke kaiāulu. ʻO ka male, i kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa ma mua o ka wā ma mua, a ma muli paha o ka hoʻololi o ka honua.

ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka male, no laila, pono e loli pū me ia, keu hoʻi e pili pono. Aia kekahi mau haʻawina e aʻo ai mai ka mōʻaukala i ka laulā, a paʻa i nā mea e pili ana i ka male, a me nā kumu i kumu ʻole ai ka manaʻo i loko o kēia ao.